Diagenetic fluid evolution and water-rock interaction model of carbonate cements in sandstone: An example from the reservoir sandstone of the Fourth Member of the Xujiahe Formation of the Xiaoquan-Fenggu area,Sichuan Province,China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

LIU SiBing  HUANG SiJing  SHEN ZhongMin  Lü ZhengXiang  SONG RongCai 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2014,57(5):1077-1092

Carbonate cement is the most abundant cement type in the Fourth Member of the Xujiahe Formation in the Xiaoquan-Fenggu area of the West Sichuan Depression. Here we use a systematic analysis of carbonate cement petrology, mineralogy, carbon and oxygen isotope ratios and enclosure homogenization temperatures to study the precipitation mechanism, pore fluid evolution, and distribution of different types of carbonate cement in reservoir sand in the study area. Crystalline calcite has relatively heavy carbon and oxygen isotope ratios(δ13C = 2.14‰, δ18O = -5.77‰), and was precipitated early. It was precipitated directly from supersaturated alkaline fluid under normal temperature and pressure conditions. At the time of precipitation, the fluid oxygen isotope ratio was very light, mainly showing the characteristics of a mixed meteoric water-seawater fluid(δ18O = -3‰), which shows that the fluid during precipitation was influenced by both meteoric water and seawater. The calcite cement that fills in the secondary pores has relatively lighter carbon and oxygen isotope ratios(δ13C = -2.36‰, δ18O = -15.68‰). This cement was precipitated late, mainly during the Middle and Late Jurassic. An important material source for this carbonate cement was the feldspar corrosion process that involved organic matter. The Ca2+, Fe3+ and Mg2+ ions released by the clay mineral transformation process were also important source materials. Because of water-rock interactions during the burial process, the oxygen isotope ratio of the fluid significantly increased during precipitation, by about 3‰. The dolomite cements in calcarenaceous sandstone that was precipitated during the Middle Jurassic have heavier carbon and oxygen isotope ratios, which are similar to those of carbonate debris in the sandstone(δ13C = 1.93‰, δ18O = -6.11‰), demonstrating that the two are from the same source that had a heavier oxygen isotope ratio(δ18O of about 2.2‰). The differences in fluid oxygen isotope ratios during cement precipitation reflect the influences of different water-rock interaction systems or different water-rock interaction strengths. This is the main reason why the sandstone containing many rigid particles(lithic quartz sandstone) has a relatively negative carbon isotope ratio and why the precipitation fluid in calcarenaceous sandstone has a relatively heavier oxygen isotope ratio.  相似文献   

南海共轭大陆边缘的构造对比及差异伸展模式     

董冬冬  吴时国  李家彪  Thomas LüDMANN 《中国科学:地球科学》2014,(5):1059-1070

南海陆缘的伸展模式虽被广泛研究,但目前为止仍存在争议.本文基于最新的高质量多道地震数据、水深数据及其他地球物理资料,开展南海共轭陆缘构造不对称性的对比研究,并在此基础上探讨南海陆缘的伸展模式.揭示了南海陆缘在地形地貌、基底构造和陆缘断裂发育等方面具有空间差异性.在南北方向,北部陆缘基底呈现向海方向的阶梯状下降,而南部陆缘主要发育宽阔的掀斜断块基底,深度变化不大.两侧的断裂发育也具有不同的特点,在南部陆缘识别出大型拆离断层体系;在东西方向,南海东部和西南次海盆的陆缘分别发育了不同的构造单元.提出一种差异伸展模式解释南海陆缘空间差异的成因,认为拆离断层在南海新生代演化过程中发挥了重要的作用.以拆离断层为界,古华南陆缘上地壳主要发生单剪变形,而下地壳和上地幔则以塑性纯剪变形为主,上下两部分的形变区域在横向上具有不同的偏移距离,使得位于下板块的南部陆缘发育了不同的构造单元.南海东部较大的偏移距离导致边缘高原(礼乐滩)的发育,而西部较小的偏移距离则形成外部隆起(郑和隆起).现今南海的演化过程可能受到古南海关闭不同时性的影响.  相似文献   

Holocene slip rate and paleoearthquake records of the Salt Lake segment of the Northern Zhongtiaoshan Fault,Shanxi Province   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

SI SuPei  LI YouLi  Lü ShengHua  WANG YiRan 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2014,57(9):2079-2088

The Northern Zhongtiaoshan Fault is a major deep fault at the southern margin of the Yuncheng Basin. There have been few studies on the fault, and the historical earthquakes are few and weak. However, the intensity of activity on the fault should never be underestimated. Through interpretations of aerial images, topography measurements and excavation of trenches, this paper studied the fault distribution, the surface deformation and the activity of the normal fault south of Salt Lake near the city of Yuncheng. By tracing faults in the three trenches, it was found that there had been at least three large paleoseismic events, at 1–3.5, 3.6–4.4 and 7.4–8.8 ka BP. Employing 14 C dating, we determined the same gravel layers in the uplifted side and downthrown side. Making differential Global Positioning System measurements of the vertical difference and topographic profile, we obtained the mean slip rate of the Northern Zhongtiaoshan Fault since 24.7 ka BP(0.75±0.05 mm/a). Using the results of relevant studies, we calculated the possible vertical fault displacement of one earthquake(2.35 m) and obtained the recurrence interval of characteristic earthquakes as 2940–3360 a after dividing the displacement by the mean slip rate.  相似文献   

Studies of TLP dynamic response under wind, waves and current     

谷家扬  杨建民  吕海宁 《中国海洋工程》2012,26(3):363-378

Investigated is the coupled response of a tension leg platform (TLP) for random waves. Inferred are the mass matrix, coupling stiffness matrix, damping matrix in the vibration differential equation and external load of TLP in moving coordinating system. Infinitesimal method is applied to divide columns and pontoons into small parts. Time domain motion equation is solved by Runge-Kutta integration scheme. Jonswap spectrum is simulated in the random wave, current is simulated by linear interpolation, and NPD spectrum is applied as wind spectrum. The Monte Carlo method is used to simulate random waves and fluctuated wind. Coupling dynamic response, change of tendon tension and riser tension in different sea conditions are analyzed by power spectral density (PSD). The influence of approach angle on dynamic response of TLP and tendon tension is compared.  相似文献   

深海平台立柱周围波浪非线性爬升研究进展     

单铁兵  杨建民  李欣  肖龙飞 《海洋工程》2012,30(1):151-160

随着深海油气田的不断开发,各种适应深海环境的浮式平台陆续涌现。多数深海平台通过立柱支撑上层甲板,波浪沿柱体表面的爬升效应极为明显,大大增加了强非线性砰击和越浪的危险,甚至将导致平台局部结构以及相关设备的破坏。因此,波浪爬升效应在平台设计及结构安全性方面具有重要的意义,并成为平台水动力研究的热点问题之一,是平台气隙预报的一个重要方面。介绍波浪爬升效应在平台设计阶段的重要性,分析波浪爬升的成因和影响因素,就目前国际上相关研究情况及进展进行了详细的阐述,并提出了这一课题未来研究方向的有关建议。  相似文献   

西非深水浮筒和穿梭油轮水动力性能分析     

张磊  杨建民  吕海宁  肖龙飞 《海洋工程》2012,30(3):9-17

应用三维势流理论及非线性时域耦合分析方法,在西非双方向涌浪和波浪条件下对深水浮筒及穿梭油轮水动力性能进行了数值计算,并与水池模型试验对比。对单浮筒在作业、生存海况下的运动响应进行了准确预报,同时对浮筒和穿梭油轮连接原油外输作业时的波频运动、平面运动给出了合理分析;得到原油外输装置在西非深水海域环境下的水动力响应特性,为我国参与西非深水海洋油气开采提供技术建议。  相似文献   

Sedimentological features and biostratigraphy of Jurassic/Cretaceous deposits in continental basins in Priamurie,Far East Russia     

G.L.Kirillova  G.V.Roganov  V.V.Kiriyanova 《东北亚地学研究》2010,(1)

The paper describes the sedimentary features and biostratigraphy of the transitional Jurassic to Cretaceous deposits in the continental basins of Priamurie formed after the collision between the Siberian and North China blocks.In Upper Priamurie,the collision occurred in the late Early Jurassic as dated by the emplacement of the post-collisional granites (191 Ma).While in Lower Priamurie and West Priokhotie it could take place in the late Middle Jurassic on the basis of fossil evidence from an accretionary turbidite complex.This event reflected the environmental change from coastal-marine to alluvial plains,often boggy,where coals accumulated.The environmental change is in harmony with that of biota.Systematic study of floral and spores/pollen assemblages,particularly in the sections of interbedded marine and non-marine deposits,makes clear the chronostratigraphic succession of floral associations and shows the possibility of their application for subdivision and correlation of the continental deposits of Priamurie.The coastal-marine environment of the residual post-collisional sublatitudinal basins in the western part of Priamurie (Upper Amur and Dep basins) was replaced by the continental in the late Middle Jurassic and in the eastern part in the Berriasian-Valanginian (Torom Basin).Similar environmental change commenced in the submeridional rift basins:the Bureya Basin in the Callovian and the Partizansk Basin in the Hauterivian.Changes in ecosystems occurred frequently during the Middle Jurassic--Neocomian,but the most substantial changes took place in the late Middle Jurassic and in the end of Late Jurassic.  相似文献   

Remote sensing of ecosystem services: An opportunity for spatially explicit assessment   总被引：6，自引：5，他引：1  

FENG Xiaoming  FU Bojie  YANG Xiaojun  Lü Yihe 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2010,20(6):522-535

Ecosystem service is an emerging concept that grows to be a hot research area in ecology. Spatially explicit ecosystem service values are important for ecosystem service management. However, it is difficult to quantify ecosystem services. Remote sensing provides images covering Earth surface, which by nature are spatially explicit. Thus, remote sensing can be useful for quantitative assessment of ecosystem services. This paper reviews spatially explicit ecosystem service studies conducted in ecology and remote sensing in order to find out how remote sensing can be used for ecosystem service assessment. Several important areas considered include land cover, biodiversity, and carbon, water and soil related ecosystem services. We found that remote sensing can be used for ecosystem service assessment in three different ways: direct monitoring, indirect monitoring, and combined use with ecosystem models. Some plant and water related ecosystem services can be directly monitored by remote sensing. Most commonly, remote sensing can provide surrogate information on plant and soil characteristics in an ecosystem. For ecosystem process related ecosystem services, remote sensing can help measure spatially explicit parameters. We conclude that acquiring good in-situ measurements and selecting appropriate remote sensor data in terms of resolution are critical for accurate assessment of ecosystem services.  相似文献   

动态破裂远场辐射的单力偶分量     

L.  Knopoff  陈运泰  邸海滨 《世界地震译丛》2010,(1):55-70

重新审核了地震学文献中的两条基本原理,即远场弹性位移与动态断层面上的滑动速度成正比,以及地震断层上的平面动态滑动与双力偶体力等效等两条基本原理。我们指出,如果断裂发生于具有一定厚度的断层上,并且向前扩展的裂纹端部附近存在强度弱化区的话,则在与其等效的体力中会有一个附加的单力偶项,且在远场位移中也会有一个与向前扩展的强度弱化区内的应力降随时间增加的变化率成正比的附加项。我们还指出,与单力偶等效的体力并不违背牛顿力学原理,因为单力偶转矩为断层区内的旋转所平衡;于是,裂纹便辐射出扭转波与旋转形变场。  相似文献   

Lethal toxicity of industrial detergent on bottom dwelling sentinels     

L. I. N. EZEMONYE  D. F. OGELEKA  F. E. OKIEIMEN 《国际泥沙研究》2009,24(4):479-483

We used fresh and brackish water shrimp （Desmoscaris trispinosa and Palaemonetes africanus）, in sediment bioassays to assess the toxicity of an industrial detergent containing high levels of anionic surfactant （linear alkylbenzene sulphonate （LAS））. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development （OECD）, # 218 direct sediment toxicity assessment was employed. The organisms were exposed to different concentrations （31.25, 62.5, 125,250 and 500 mg/kg） of the chemical （Neatex） in replicate treatments. Percentage mortality was measured as the ecological endpoint. Mean mortality and estimated lethal concentration LCso values varied with species type, concentration and exposure duration. The statistical variation in the observed mean mortality of the test organisms in the chemical and the control treatment shows that mortality may be induced by the effect of the chemicals. The lethal concentration （LCso） was significantly different at levels ofp 〈 0.05 for the fresh and brackish water experiments. Consequently, assessment of water and sediment quality as a result of chemical pollutants was necessary for protecting some of the more sensitive benthic invertebrates representing the major proportion of the diet of many species in the Niger Delta ecological zone.  相似文献